Journal of Space Science and Technology

Journal of Space Science and Technology

Analysis of Vegetation Cover Dynamics under Drought Stress Using Satellite images Case study Panjab city-Afghanistan

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors
1 Engineering Geodesy Department, Bamyan University, Bamyan City, Afghanistan
2 Department of Engineering Geodesy , Bamyan University, Bamyan City, Afghanistan
3 Department of Engineering Geodesy , Kabul Polytechnic University, 5th District, Kabul, Afghanistan
10.22034/jsst.2026.1612
Abstract
This study Analysis of vegetation cover changes using Landsat imagery and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across different value thresholds. The analysis spans an eight-year period between 2015 and 2023 and is based on two Landsat scenes acquired in June and July. First, cloud-free and noise-free images from the Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) were selected. Second, image correction procedures and the performance of a pan-sharpening approach were evaluated to generate a high-quality vegetation map. A statistical pan-sharpening algorithm was applied to enhance the spatial resolution of Landsat-8 multispectral bands from 30 m to 15 m. Third, methods for extracting vegetation characteristics from remote-sensing data using NDVI were described. Finally, the results were analyzed and interpreted. The findings indicate that drought has strongly influenced vegetation cover in the study area. In June 2015, vegetation corresponding to NDVI thresholds of 0.48–0.65, 0.65–1, and 0.48–1 covered 4.378%, 1.44%, and 5.81% of Panjab City, respectively. By June 2023, these values declined to 3.36%, 1.12%, and 4.48%, representing reductions of 1.01%, 0.32%, and 1.33%. Similarly, in July 2015, vegetation cover within the same threshold ranges accounted for 3.47%, 1.87%, and 5.34%. In July 2023, coverage decreased to 2.80%, 0.86%, and 3.66%, with corresponding changes of 0.67%, 1.01%, and 1.68%. Overall, the NDVI-based analysis demonstrates a clear and direct relationship between drought conditions, reduced rainfall, and vegetation decline. The applied methodology is efficient and can be readily extended to other regions for vegetation mapping, monitoring, and assessment at regional planning scales.
Keywords
Subjects

Article Title Persian

تحلیل پویایی پوشش گیاهی تحت تنش خشکسالی با استفاده از تصاویر ماهواره ای، مطالعه موردی شهرستان پنجاب- افغانستان

Authors Persian

محمدکریم سیرات 1
سیدجواد تمیم 2
محمدیعقوب سلطانی 3
1 مهندسی ژئودزی، دانشگاه بامیان، افغانستان
2 دانشکده مهندسی زمین، دانشگاه بامیان افغانستان
3 دانشکده مهندسی ژئودزی، دانشگاه پلی تکنیک کابل، افغانستان، کابل
Abstract Persian

تغییرات پوشش گیاهی با استفاده از تصاویر لندست و شاخص پوشش سبز NDVI با استفاده از آستانه‌های مختلف ارائه شده است. این تحلیل دوره‌ای هشت‌ساله بین سال‌های ۲۰۱۵ تا ۲۰۲۳ را پوشش می‌دهد و بر اساس دو صحنه لندست انجام شده که در ماه‌های ژوئن و جولای جمع‌آوری شده‌اند. مراحل زیر انجام شده است: انتخاب تصاویر بدون ابر و بدون نویز از سیستم سنجنده لندست می‌باشد. انجام تصحیحات تصاویر و ارزیابی عملکرد رویکرد پان‌شارپینگ برای تولید نقشه پوشش گیاهی باکیفیت بالا. به‌کارگیری یک الگوریتم پان-شارپینگ با استانداردِ آماری برای افزایش وضوح مکانی از ۳۰ متر به ۱۵ متر. تشریح روش‌های استخراج ویژگی‌های پوشش گیاهی از داده‌های سنجشی از راه NDVI. یافته‌ها نشان‌دهنده خشکسالی است که به‌شدت پوشش گیاهی در منطقه مطالعه را تحت تأثیر قرار داده است. ژوئن ۲۰۱۵، پوشش گیاهی با توجه به آستانه‌های NDVI در بازه‌های ۰٫۴۸–۰۶۵، ۰٫۶۵–۱، و ۰٫۴۸–۱ به ترتیب ۴٫۳۷۸٪، ۱٫۴۴٪ و ۵٫۸۱٪ از شهر پنچاب را در بر می‌گرفت. تا ژوئن ۲۰۲۳، این مقادیر به ترتیب به ۳٫۳۶٪، ۱٫۱۲٪ و ۴٫۴۸٪ کاهش یافتند؛ که به ترتیب نشان‌دهنده کاهش‌های ۱٫۰۱٪، ۰٫۳۲٪ و ۱٫۳۳٪ است. همچنین در ژوئیه ۲۰۱۵، پوشش گیاهی در همان بازه‌های آستانه‌ای به ترتیب ۳٫۴۷٪، ۱٫۸۷٪ و ۵٫۳۴٪ بود. در ژوئیه ۲۰۲۳، پوشش به ۲٫۸۰٪، ۰٫۸۶٪ و ۳٫۶۶٪ رسید و تغییرات مربوطه برابر با ۰٫۶۷٪، ۱٫۰۱٪ و ۱٫۶۸٪ بود. به‌طور کلی، تحلیل NDVI نشان‌دهنده رابطه مستقیم و روشن بین شرایط خشکسالی، کاهش بارش و پوشش گیاهی وجود دارد. رویکرد به‌کاررفته کارآمد است و می‌تواند برای سایر مناطق برای نقشه‌برداری پوشش گیاهی، پایش و ارزیابی در مقیاس برنامه‌ریزی‌های منطقه‌ای گسترش یابد.

Keywords Persian

تغییرات پوشش گیاهی
شاخص پوشش گیاهی نرمال (NDVI)
ماهواره لندست -8
پنجاب
نقشه برداری
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Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 01 November 2026

  • Receive Date 28 December 2025
  • Revise Date 16 June 2026
  • Accept Date 05 July 2026
  • First Publish Date 01 November 2026