Designing and Implementing a Space Object Monitoring System With Strategies Approach and Needs of Iran: A Review of the Structures of Leading Countries and Providing a Local Solution

Karami, Saber; Farzaneh, Saeid; Safari, Hossien; Khoshsima, Masoud; Jalili, Hadi

doi:10.22034/jsst.2025.1596

Designing and Implementing a Space Object Monitoring System With Strategies Approach and Needs of Iran: A Review of the Structures of Leading Countries and Providing a Local Solution

Articles in Press

Document Type : Original Research Paper

Authors

Saber Karami ¹

Saeid Farzaneh ²

Hossien Safari ¹

Masoud Khoshsima ³

Hadi Jalili ³

¹ Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran

² School of Surveying and Geospatial Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

³ Iranian Space Research Center, Tehran, Iran

10.22034/jsst.2025.1596

Abstract

This article provides an in- depth analysis of the space surveillance and monitoring systems employed by leading countries, focusing on their design principles, technologies, and operational strategies. It begins with a comprehensive review of the major space surveillance capabilities of the United States, China, Russia, and the European Union, highlighting the unique features and approaches each adopts.

The United States operates a vast and sophisticated network that integrates multiband phased array radars with advanced optical telescopes. This combined system delivers comprehensive global coverage, enabling effective tracking and monitoring of objects in space across various orbits. China, meanwhile, has made significant strides by concentrating on large optical telescopes and establishing regional optical networks. This approach has particularly enhanced China’s ability to monitor geostationary (GEO) orbits, which are critical for communication and surveillance satellites. Russia continues to rely on its extensive legacy of Soviet-era radar infrastructure, which it supplements with modern technological upgrades to maintain effective space situational awareness. The European Union pursues a different strategy, focusing on scientific research and commercial applications. By integrating optical and radar sensors within a multinational network, the EU seeks to balance diverse objectives through collaboration among member states.

Drawing on these international examples, the article proposes an indigenous space surveillance system tailored to Iran’s needs. This proposed system features a combination of ground-based and space- based sensors, including phased array radars and telescopes equipped with adaptive optics for improved accuracy. Additionally, it incorporates advanced data processing infrastructure to manage and analyze the collected information efficiently.

Keywords

Space surveillance systems

Architecture

Space-based technologies

Space Object Tracking

Space Traffic Management

Subjects

safety in space

Article Title Persian

طراحی و پیاده‌سازی سامانه پایش اجرام فضایی با رویکرد راهبردی و نیاز کشور ایران : مروری بر معماری‌ های کشورهای پیشرو و ارائه یک راه‌کار بومی

Authors Persian

صابر کرمی ¹

سعید فرزانه ²

حسین صفری ¹

مسعود خوش سیما ³

هادی جلیلی ³

¹ دانشجوی دکترای، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

² 2- دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی نقشه‌برداری و اطلاعات مکانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

³ دانشیار، پژوهشگاه فضایی ایران، تهران، ایران

Abstract Persian

در این پژوهش با تمرکز بر سامانه‌ های نظارت فضایی کشورهای پیشرو ، به تحلیل اصول طراحی ، فناوری‌های به‌ کار رفته، و راهبردهای عملیاتی و کاربردی آن‌ها می‌ پردازد. ابتدا، سامانه‌ های کلیدی نظارت فضایی و پایش اجرام فضایی در کشورهای ایالات متحده، چین ، روسیه و اتحادیه اروپا بررسی شده و مشخصات فنی آن‌ها تحلیل می‌ شود. بر اساس این بررسی ها، ایالات متحده از شبکه‌ ای گسترده از رادارهای آرایه فازی چند باندی و تلسکوپ‌های اپتیکی پیشرفته در قالب یک سامانه پایش اجرام فضایی یکپارچه استفاده می‌ کند که سطح پوشش جهانی جامعی را فراهم می‌ آورد. چین با تمرکز بر تلسکوپ‌ های اپتیکی بزرگ و شبکه‌ های اپتیکی منطقه‌ ای، توانسته در نظارت بر مدارهای GEO (geosynchronous equatorial orbit) به پیشرفت قابل‌ توجهی دست یابد، درحالی‌ که روسیه به بهره‌ گیری از زیرساخت‌های راداری قدیمی شوروی همراه با فناوری‌ های مدرن پرداخته است. اروپا نیز با ترکیب حسگرهای اپتیکی و راداری در قالب یک شبکه چند ملیتی، بر اهداف علمی و تجاری متمرکز است. بر اساس این تحلیل‌ ها، سامانه‌ ی پایش اجرام فضایی بومی برای ایران پیشنهاد شده است که شامل حسگرهای زمینی و فضایی با معماری یکپارچه، ازجمله رادارهای آرایه فازی و تلسکوپ‌ های مجهز به اپتیک تطبیقی ، و همچنین زیرساخت نرم افزاری پردازش داده پیشرفته است. این سامانه نظارت فضایی با بهره‌ گیری از فناوری‌های بومی، قابلیت گسترش و توسعه همکاری بین‌ المللی طراحی شده و قادر است ایران را به‌ عنوان یک بازیگر مسئول در جامعه فضایی بین‌ المللی مطرح سازد.

Keywords Persian

سامانه‌های نظارت فضا

معماری

فناوری‌های فضا پایه

پایش اجرام فضا

مدیریت ترافیک فضا

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