علوم و فناوری فضایی

علوم و فناوری فضایی

موقعیت‌یابی جغرافیایی با استفاده از تصاویر ستارگان و الگوریتم تلفیقی پردازش تصویر و بهینه‌سازی

نوع مقاله : مقالة‌ پژوهشی‌

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، دانشکدگان علوم و فناوری‌های میان‌رشته‌ای، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری، مهندسی هوافضا، پردیس بین‌الملل کیش، دانشگاه تهران، ایران
چکیده
ناوبری سماوی یکی از قدیمی‌ترین روش‌های تعیین موقعیت است که با استفاده از مشاهده اجرام سماوی مانند ستارگان انجام می‌شود. با پیشرفت فناوری و ظهور حسگرهای تصویری دقیق، این روش وارد مرحله‌ای نوین شده، به‌طوری‌که می‌توان با پردازش تصاویر ستارگان و تحلیل داده‌های آن‌ها، موقعیت دقیق ناظر را در فضا یا روی زمین تعیین نمود. در این مقاله، یک روش نوین جهت موقعیت‌یابی سامانه‌های متحرک با استفاده از تصاویر ستارگان ارائه شده است. هدف، تعیین مختصات جغرافیایی ناظر در زمانی مشخص و تنها از طریق تحلیل تصویر آسمان قابل رؤیت است؛ به‌گونه‌ای که نیازی به دریافت اطلاعات اولیه از موقعیت یا وضعیت فضایی سامانه نباشد. برای این‌منظور، ابتدا تصویر خاکستری از آسمان با استفاده از تابع Skymap در محیط MATLAB و با بهره‌گیری از داده‌های کاتالوگ ستاره‌ای SAO  تولید شده یا تصویر واقعی ثبت‌شده به‌عنوان ورودی دریافت می‌شود. سپس مجموعه‌ای از ویژگی‌های مکانی و فرکانسی از تصویر استخراج شده و با ویژگی‌های تصاویر سنتز‌شده در نقاط مختلف جغرافیایی مقایسه می‌گردد. در این فرایند، یک الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی ژنتیک برای جست‌وجوی موقعیت با تطبیق تصاویر بر اساس تابع برازش طراحی شده به‌کار گرفته می‌شود. نوآوری اصلی پژوهش حاضر در توسعه الگوریتمی است که موقعیت‌یابی دقیق را تنها بر پایه یک تصویر آسمان و بدون نیاز به سنسورهای کمکی یا اطلاعات اولیه ممکن می‌سازد. روش ارائه‌شده نسبت به چرخش تصویر و نویز مقاوم بوده و قابلیت اجرا بر روی کل سطح زمین را دارد. نتایج شبیه‌سازی کارایی و دقت بالای الگوریتم را در موقعیت‌یابی خودکار مبتنی بر بینایی ماشین نشان می‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
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دوره 18، شماره 2
1404
صفحه 51-69

  • تاریخ دریافت 15 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 19 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 21 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار 21 تیر 1404